What is a chargeback?

A chargeback is a formal dispute process that can occur following a debit or credit card transaction. It’s usually initiated when a cardholder raises a dispute with their bank or card provider, after which the transaction is reviewed in line with card scheme rules. 

From the cardholder’s perspective, a chargeback is a way to seek assistance from their bank when a transaction has not gone as expected. This may include cases of unauthorised or fraudulent use. 

Common reasons for chargebacks

Cardholders may raise a chargeback if they don’t recognise a charge, are unhappy with the product or service, or can’t resolve an issue directly with a business. Other common reasons include:

  • The goods or services weren't received
  • The amount charged was incorrect or duplicated
  • The goods or services were faulty or not as described
  • A card was used without the cardholder's authorisation (fraud-related chargeback)

How does a chargeback affect your business

If a chargeback is raised:

  • The disputed transaction amount may be deducted from your account
  • A chargeback fee applies for processing the dispute

If the chargeback is contested and resolved in your favour, the disputed transaction amount will be returned. 

Chargebacks over time can:

  • Increase costs for your business
  • Lead to closer monitoring under card scheme rules
  • Indicate issues that may need to be addressed, such as customer communication or fraud control

 

Remember:

  • Not all chargebacks result in a loss
  • Providing clear information on time can help improve outcomes
  • Reducing chargeback risk can help minimise future disputes

 

How to respond to a chargeback

We’ll notify you of a chargeback by email or letter, which will include the reason and transaction details. You have 14 days to respond.

Step 1: Read the chargeback notification

We’ll notify you of a chargeback by email or letter. The notification will include:

  • The transaction details
  • The reason for the chargeback
  • The date your response is due

Make sure you review this information as soon as you receive it.

Step 2: Decide how you want to respond

To accept a chargeback

If you're notified about a chargeback and do nothing within the 14-day timeframe, you’ll automatically accept it. The disputed amount will be debited from your account and a chargeback fee may apply.

To challenge a chargeback

Check whether you can challenge your chargeback or not. You can challenge chargebacks related to processing errors and consumer disputes but some chargebacks are automated and can't be challenged.

Email supporting documents by the date given in your email or letter. You may be asked to provide documents such as:

  • Proof of purchase or transaction records
  • Delivery confirmation or service evidence
  • Customer communications or agreements

Only submit documents relevant to the chargeback reason.

Step 3: What happens after you respond

The chargeback will continue through the review process in line with card scheme rules, and the information you’ve provided will be considered as part of the assessment.

Possible outcomes

  1. The chargeback is ruled in the cardholder’s favour – the transaction amount will be debited from your account, and a chargeback fee will apply
  2. The chargeback is ruled in your favour – the transaction amount won’t be debited, however, a chargeback fee may still apply for processing the case

In some cases, disputes may be escalated to the card scheme for a formal review called arbitration.

Reduce the risk of chargebacks

Set clear expectations with customers

  • Clearly display prices, delivery timeframes and refund policies before purchase
  • Make terms and conditions easy to find and understand 
  • Provide order confirmations and receipts

 

Keep proof of delivery and service

  • Use delivery tracking where possible 
  • Securely store transaction, delivery and customer records
  • Keep documents for the required retention period

 

Communicate clearly with customers

  • Provide clear contact details on your website and receipts 
  • Respond promptly to customer enquiries or complaints 
  • Try to resolve issues directly before they escalate

Fraud chargebacks

A fraud-related chargeback is raised when a card is lost or stolen and used without the cardholder’s permission, or in card-not-present transactions where details are manually entered.

This can occur even when a business has followed the correct payment process, particularly for online, phone or Mail Order/Telephone Order (MOTO) transactions.

What this means for your business

  • The disputed transaction amount will be deducted from your account
  • A chargeback fee may apply
  • A high number of fraud-related chargebacks may lead to increased monitoring or additional requirements under card scheme rules

Reduce the risk of fraud-related chargebacks

  • Use available security tools, such as 3D Secure, where appropriate
  • Be cautious with manually keyed card details, including Mail Order/Telephone Order (MOTO) transactions
  • Check transactions that seem unusual, high-value or inconsistent with past behaviour
  • Keep systems and software up to date
  • Train staff to recognise potential signs of fraud

Explore more merchant fraud protection tips

Frequently asked questions

Chargebacks are managed in line with card scheme rules, which set out how different types of disputes are handled.

Some chargebacks are processed automatically and can’t be challenged through CommBank. This includes certain fraud and authorisation-related chargebacks.

Other chargebacks, such as processing errors and customer disputes, may be eligible to challenge if you can provide supporting documents. Your chargeback notification will indicate whether the chargeback can be challenged and what information is required.

For more information, refer to the relevant card scheme guidelines:

 

If a chargeback case has been raised against your business, do not process a refund for the customer.

You need to wait for the case to be resolved. If a refund is required, it will be processed through the chargeback process. If you process a refund during this time, you may still be liable for the chargeback refund.

When you’re processing refunds in future, always use the same card the customer used for the original payment. Using any other refund method – such as bank transfer, cheque, Western Union money transfer, or a different card – leaves you at risk of chargebacks on the original transaction.

To avoid chargebacks from customer disputes, keep detailed records of your transactions. Make sure you have proof that customers got what they paid for. This may include:

  • Printed sales receipts
  • A tracking number with signature on delivery
  • Email correspondence
  • Other relevant sales information

Fraud-related disputes are usually raised within 120 days of the transaction date. Customer (non-fraud) disputes, such as when a customer claims they didn’t receive goods or services, can be raised up to 540 days after the transaction or delivery date, depending on card scheme rules (Visa and Mastercard).

To help you dispute a chargeback, make sure your invoices, contracts and promotional materials include:

  • Business name as it appears on a cardholder’s statement
  • Business address
  • Customer service contact details
  • Return and cancellation policy details
  • A complete description of goods and services provided
  • Debit dates for regular instalments, such as memberships or subscriptions
  • A complete description of the goods and services you’ve provided as well as a specific delivery time (if relevant)

Yes. Mail Order/Telephone Order (MOTO) transactions generally carry a higher risk of fraud and related chargebacks because the card is not physically present at the time of purchase. 
 
When a customer places an order over the phone and card details are entered manually, there’s a higher risk of unauthorised use compared to a card-present transaction. Taking steps to reduce fraud risk can help lower the likelihood of these chargebacks.

We’ll notify you by email or letter when a chargeback is raised. The notification will include the transaction details, reason for the chargeback and date your response is due.

For certain automated fraud and authorisation-related chargebacks, the transaction amount may be debited when the chargeback is raised. If the chargeback is later resolved in your favour, the disputed transaction amount will be returned to your account.

Yes. The disputed transaction amount may be deducted from your account when a chargeback is raised. A chargeback fee applies for processing the dispute.

If the chargeback is challenged and is resolved in your favour, the disputed transaction amount will be returned. 

A chargeback can be reversed in some situations, depending on where the dispute is up to.

If the merchant provides evidence that successfully challenges the chargeback, or if the dispute is withdrawn early, the issuing bank may reverse the chargeback.

If the dispute reaches arbitration and the card scheme makes a final decision, that outcome is usually final and can’t be reversed.

A refund and a chargeback both return money to a customer, but they are initiated differently:

  • Refund: Issued directly by the merchant, typically after a customer contacts them to resolve an issue
  • Chargeback: Initiated by the customer through their bank to dispute a transaction

Chargebacks involve a formal dispute process and may result in additional fees for the merchant. Refunds are usually quicker and resolved directly between the customer and the merchant.

Things you should know    

  • As this advice has been prepared without considering your objectives, financial situation or needs, you should, before acting on the information, consider its appropriateness to your circumstances. Please view our Merchant Agreement, Financial Services Guide and Operator and User Guides at our Merchant Help Centre.